Spectral Picard–Vessiot fields for Algebro-geometric Schrödinger operators
[Corps spectraux de Picard–Vessiot pour les opérateurs de Schrödinger algébro-géométriques]
Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Tome 71 (2021) no. 3, pp. 1287-1324.

Ce travail est une étude Galoisienne du problème spectral LΨ=λΨ, pour les opérateurs différentiels algébro-géométriques du second ordre L, avec des coefficients dans un corps différentiel, dont le corps de constantes C est algébriquement clos et de caractéristique zéro. Notre approche considère le paramètre spectral λ une variable algébrique sur C, ce qui amène à considérer un nouveau corps de coefficients pour L-λ, dont le corps de constantes est le champ C(Γ) de la courbe spectrale Γ. Puisque C(Γ) n’est plus algébriquement clos, le besoin se fait sentir d’une nouvelle structure algébrique, générée par les solutions du problème spectral sur Γ, appelée « Corps spectral de Picard–Vessiot » de L-λ. On prouve un théorème d’existence en utilisant l’algèbre différentielle, permettant de retrouver la théorie classique de Picard–Vessiot pour chaque λ=λ 0 . Pour les courbes spectrales rationnelles, on établit le cadre algébrique approprié pour résoudre LΨ=λΨ de manière analytique et pour utiliser l’intégration symbolique. Nous illustrons nos résultats pour les solitons de Rosen-Morse.

This work is a Galoisian study of the spectral problem LΨ=λΨ, for an algebro-geometric second order differential operators L, with coefficients in a differential field, whose field of constants C is algebraically closed and of characteristic zero. Our approach regards the spectral parameter λ as an algebraic variable over C, forcing the consideration of a new field of coefficients for L-λ, whose field of constants is the field C(Γ) of the spectral curve Γ. Since C(Γ) is no longer algebraically closed, the need arises of a new algebraic structure, generated by the solutions of the spectral problem over Γ, called “Spectral Picard–Vessiot field” of L-λ. An existence theorem is proved using differential algebra, allowing to recover classical Picard–Vessiot theory for each λ=λ 0 . For rational spectral curves, the appropriate algebraic setting is established to solve LΨ=λΨ analytically and to use symbolic integration. We illustrate our results for Rosen-Morse solitons.

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DOI : 10.5802/aif.3425
Classification : 12H05, 34M15
Keywords: Picard–Vessiot extension, Liouvillian extension, algebro-geometric operator, spectral curve
Mot clés : Extension de Picard–Vessiot, extension liouvillienne, opérateur algébro-géométrique, courbe spectrale
Morales, Juan J. 1 ; Rueda, Sonia L. 2 ; Zurro, Maria-Angeles 3

1 Dpto. de Matemática Aplicada. E.T.S. Edificación. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Avda. Juan de Herrera 6. E-28040, Madrid (Spain)
2 Dpto. de Matemática Aplicada. E.T.S. Arquitectura. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Avda. Juan de Herrera 4. E-28040, Madrid (Spain)
3 Dpto. de Matemáticas. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco. E-28049 Madrid (Spain)
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     title = {Spectral {Picard{\textendash}Vessiot} fields for {Algebro-geometric} {Schr\"odinger} operators},
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Morales, Juan J.; Rueda, Sonia L.; Zurro, Maria-Angeles. Spectral Picard–Vessiot fields for Algebro-geometric Schrödinger operators. Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Tome 71 (2021) no. 3, pp. 1287-1324. doi : 10.5802/aif.3425. http://www.numdam.org/articles/10.5802/aif.3425/

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