When do triple operator integrals take value in the trace class?
[Quand les intégrales triples d’opérateurs sont-elles à valeurs dans les opérateurs à trace ?]
Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Tome 71 (2021) no. 4, pp. 1393-1448.

Considérons trois opérateurs normaux A,B,C sur un espace de Hilbert séparable ainsi que des mesures spectrales scalaires λ A sur σ(A), λ B sur σ(B) et λ C sur σ(C). Pour tout ϕL (λ A ×λ B ×λ C ) et pour tous X,YS 2 (), l’espace des opérateurs de Hilbert–Schmidt sur , nous donnons une définition générale d’une intégrale triple d’opérateurs Γ A,B,C (ϕ)(X,Y) appartenant à S 2 (), de sorte que Γ A,B,C (ϕ) appartient à l’espace B 2 (S 2 ()×S 2 (),S 2 ()) des opérateurs bilinéaires bornés sur S 2 (), et l’application Γ A,B,C :L (λ A ×λ B ×λ C )B 2 (S 2 ()×S 2 (),S 2 ()) est une isométrie w * -continue. On montre alors qu’étant donnée une fonction ϕL (λ A ×λ B ×λ C ), Γ A,B,C (ϕ) envoie S 2 ()×S 2 () dans S 1 (), l’espace des opérateurs à trace sur , si et seulement si ϕ vérifie la propriété de factorisation suivante : il existe un espace de Hilbert H et deux fonctions aL (λ A ×λ B ;H) et bL (λ B ×λ C ;H) tels que ϕ(t 1 ,t 2 ,t 3 )=a(t 1 ,t 2 ),b(t 2 ,t 3 ) pour presque tout (t 1 ,t 2 ,t 3 )σ(A)×σ(B)×σ(C). Il s’agit de la version bilinéaire du Théorème de Peller caractérisant les applications d’intégrales doubles d’opérateurs envoyant S 1 () dans S 1 (). On établit en passant qu’étant donnés deux espaces de Banach séparables E et F, toute fonction w * -mesurable et essentiellement bornée à valeurs dans l’espace Γ 2 (E,F * ) des opérateurs de E dans F * se factorisant par un espace de Hilbert, admet une factorisation hilbertienne w * -mesurable.

Consider three normal operators A,B,C on a separable Hilbert space as well as scalar-valued spectral measures λ A on σ(A), λ B on σ(B) and λ C on σ(C). For any ϕL (λ A ×λ B ×λ C ) and any X,YS 2 (), the space of Hilbert–Schmidt operators on , we provide a general definition of a triple operator integral Γ A,B,C (ϕ)(X,Y) belonging to S 2 () in such a way that Γ A,B,C (ϕ) belongs to the space B 2 (S 2 ()×S 2 (),S 2 ()) of bounded bilinear operators on S 2 (), and the resulting mapping Γ A,B,C :L (λ A ×λ B ×λ C )B 2 (S 2 ()×S 2 (),S 2 ()) is a w * -continuous isometry. Then we show that a function ϕL (λ A ×λ B ×λ C ) has the property that Γ A,B,C (ϕ) maps S 2 ()×S 2 () into S 1 (), the space of trace class operators on , if and only if it has the following factorization property: there exist a Hilbert space H and two functions aL (λ A ×λ B ;H) and bL (λ B ×λ C ;H) such that ϕ(t 1 ,t 2 ,t 3 )=a(t 1 ,t 2 ),b(t 2 ,t 3 ) for a.e. (t 1 ,t 2 ,t 3 )σ(A)×σ(B)×σ(C). This is a bilinear version of Peller’s Theorem characterizing double operator integral mappings S 1 ()S 1 (). In passing we show that for any separable Banach spaces E,F, any w * -measurable esssentially bounded function valued in the Banach space Γ 2 (E,F * ) of operators from E into F * factoring through Hilbert space admits a w * -measurable Hilbert space factorization.

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DOI : 10.5802/aif.3422
Classification : 47B10, 47B38, 46E40
Keywords: Trace class, Triple operator integrals, Schur multipliers, Factorization through Hilbert space
Mot clés : Opérateurs à trace, Intégrales triples d’opérateurs, Multiplicateurs de Schur, Factorisation par un espace de Hilbert
Coine, Clément 1 ; Le Merdy, Christian 1 ; Sukochev, Fedor 2

1 Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Besançon UMR 6623 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté 25030 Besançon Cedex (France)
2 School of Mathematics & Statistics University of NSW Kensington NSW 2052 (Australia)
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Coine, Clément; Le Merdy, Christian; Sukochev, Fedor. When do triple operator integrals take value in the trace class?. Annales de l'Institut Fourier, Tome 71 (2021) no. 4, pp. 1393-1448. doi : 10.5802/aif.3422. http://www.numdam.org/articles/10.5802/aif.3422/

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