Martingale Solutions of the Stochastic 2D Primitive Equations with Anisotropic Viscosity
ESAIM: Probability and Statistics, Tome 26 (2022), pp. 243-264

The stochastic 2D primitive equations with anisotropic viscosity are studied in this paper. The existence of the martingale solutions and pathwise uniqueness of the solutions are obtained. The proof is based on anisotropic estimates, the compactness method, tightness criteria and the Jakubowski version of the Skorokhod theorem for nonmetric spaces.

DOI : 10.1051/ps/2022006
Classification : 35Q35, 60H15, 60H30
Keywords: Stochastic primitive equations, anisotropic viscosity, Martingale solutions
@article{PS_2022__26_1_243_0,
     author = {Sun, Chengfeng and Gao, Hongjun and Liu, Hui and Zhang, Jie},
     title = {Martingale {Solutions} of the {Stochastic} {2D} {Primitive} {Equations} with {Anisotropic} {Viscosity}},
     journal = {ESAIM: Probability and Statistics},
     pages = {243--264},
     year = {2022},
     publisher = {EDP-Sciences},
     volume = {26},
     doi = {10.1051/ps/2022006},
     mrnumber = {4424999},
     language = {en},
     url = {https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ps/2022006/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Chengfeng
AU  - Gao, Hongjun
AU  - Liu, Hui
AU  - Zhang, Jie
TI  - Martingale Solutions of the Stochastic 2D Primitive Equations with Anisotropic Viscosity
JO  - ESAIM: Probability and Statistics
PY  - 2022
SP  - 243
EP  - 264
VL  - 26
PB  - EDP-Sciences
UR  - https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ps/2022006/
DO  - 10.1051/ps/2022006
LA  - en
ID  - PS_2022__26_1_243_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A Sun, Chengfeng
%A Gao, Hongjun
%A Liu, Hui
%A Zhang, Jie
%T Martingale Solutions of the Stochastic 2D Primitive Equations with Anisotropic Viscosity
%J ESAIM: Probability and Statistics
%D 2022
%P 243-264
%V 26
%I EDP-Sciences
%U https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ps/2022006/
%R 10.1051/ps/2022006
%G en
%F PS_2022__26_1_243_0
Sun, Chengfeng; Gao, Hongjun; Liu, Hui; Zhang, Jie. Martingale Solutions of the Stochastic 2D Primitive Equations with Anisotropic Viscosity. ESAIM: Probability and Statistics, Tome 26 (2022), pp. 243-264. doi: 10.1051/ps/2022006

[1] H. Bessaih and A. Millet, On stochastic modified 3D Navier-Stokes equations with anisotropic viscosity. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 462 (2018) 915–956. | MR | DOI

[2] D. Bresch, F. Guillén-González, N. Masmoudi and M.A. Rodríguez-Bellido, On the uniqueness of weak solutions of the twodimensional primitive equations. Differ. Integr. Equ. 162 (2003) 77–94. | MR | Zbl

[3] Z. Brzeźniak and E. Motyl, Existence of a martingale solution of the stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in unbounded 2D and 3D domains. J. Differ. Equ. 254 (2013) 1627–1685. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[4] Z. Brzeźniak and M. Ondreját, Stochastic geometric wave equations with values in compact Riemannian homogeneous spaces. Ann. Probab. 41 (2013) 1938–1977. | MR | Zbl

[5] C. Cao, S. Ibrahim, K. Nakanishi and E.S. Titi, Finite-time blowup for the inviscid primitive equations of oceanic and atmospheric dynamics. Comm. Math. Phys. 337 (2015) 473–482. | MR | DOI

[6] C. Cao, J. Li and E.S. Titi, Global well-posedness of the 3D primitive equations with only horizontal viscosity and diffusivity. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 69 (2016) 1492–1531. | MR | DOI

[7] C. Cao, J. Li and E.S. Titi, Strong solutions to the 3D primitive equations with only horizontal dissipation: near H 1 initial data. J. Funct. Anal. 272 (2017) 4606–4641. | MR | DOI

[8] C. Cao and E. Titi, Global well-posedness of the three-dimensional viscous primitive equations of large scale ocean and atmosphere dynamics. Ann. Math. 166 (2007) 245–267. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[9] B. Cushman-Roisin and J.M. Beckers, Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Physical and Numerical Aspects. Academic Press (2007). | MR

[10] A. Debussche, N. Glatt-Holtz and R. Temam, Local martingale and pathwise solutions for an abstract fluids model. Physica D 240 (2011) 1123–1144. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[11] A. Debussche, N. Glatt-Holtz, R. Temam and M. Ziane, Global existence and regularity for the 3D stochastic primitive equations of the ocean and atmosphere with multiplitive white noise. Nonlinearity 316 (2012) 723–776. | MR | Zbl

[12] Z. Dong, J. Zhai and R. Zhang, Large deviation principles for 3D stochastic primitive equations. J. Differ. Equ. 263 (2017) 3110–3146. | MR | DOI

[13] Z. Dong and R. Zhang, On the small time asymptotics of 3D stochastic primitive equations. Math Meth Appl Sci. (2018) 1–1. | MR

[14] B. Ewald, M. Petcu and R. Temam, Stochastic solutions of the two-dimensional primitive equations of the ocean and atmosphere with an additive noise. Anal. Appl. 5 (2007) 183–198. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[15] H. Gao and C. Sun, Random attractor for the 3d viscous stochastic primitive equations with additive noise. Stoch. Dyn. 9 (2009) 293–313. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[16] H. Gao and C. Sun, Well-posedness and large deviations for the stochastic primitive equations in two space dimensions. Commu. Math. Sci. 10 (2012) 233–273. | MR | Zbl

[17] N. Glatt-Holtz, I. Kukavica, V. Vicol and M. Ziane, Existence and regularity of invariant measures for the three dimensinonal stochastic primitive equations. J. Math. Phys. 55 (2014) 051504. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[18] N. Glatt-Holtz and R. Temam, Pathwise solutions of the 2-d stochastic primitive equations. Appl. Math. Optim. 63 (2011) 401–433. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[19] N. Glatt-Holtz and M. Ziane, The stochastic primitive equations in two space dimensions with multiplicative noise. DCDS- Series B 10 (2008) 801–822. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[20] B. Goldys, M. Röckner and X. Zhang, Martingale solutions and Markov selections for stochastic partial differential equations. Stoch. Process. Appl. 119 (2009) 1725–1764. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[21] F. Guillen-Gonzalez, N. Masmoudi and M.A. Rodriguez-Bellido, Anisotropic estimates and strong solutions of the primitive equations. Differ. Integral Eqns. 14 (2001) 1381–1408. | MR | Zbl

[22] B. Guo and D. Huang, 3d stochastic primitive equations of the large-scale oceans: global well-posedness and attractors. Comm. Math. Phys. 286 (2009) 697–723. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[23] I. Gyöngy and N. Krylov, Existence of strong solutions for Ito’s stochastic equations via approximations. Probab. Theory Related Fields 105 (1996) 143–158. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[24] D. Han-Kwan and T.T. Nguyen, Ill-posedness of the hydrostatic euler and singular Vlasov equations. Arch. Ratl. Mech. Anal. 221 (2016) 1317–1344. | MR | DOI

[25] M. Hieber and A. Hussein, An approach to the primitive equations for oceanic and atmospheric dynamics by evolution equations, Fluids under pressure. Adv. Math. Fluid Mech., Birkhöuser/Springer, Cham (2020) 1–1. | MR

[26] C. Hu, R. Temam and M. Ziane, Regularity results for linear elliptic problems related to the primitive equations. Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B 23 (2002) 277–292. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[27] A. Hussein, Partial and full hyper-viscosity for Navier-Stokes and primitive equations. J. Differ. Equ. 269 (2020) 3003–3030. | MR | DOI

[28] A. Hussein, M. Saal and M. Wrona, Primitive equations with horizontal viscosity: the initial value and the time-periodic problem for physical bound conditions. Discr. Continu. Dyn. Syst. A 41 (2021) 3063–3092. | MR | DOI

[29] A. Jakubowski. Short Communication: The almost sure skorokhod representation for subsequences in Nonmetric spaces. Theory Probab. Appl. 42 (1998) 167–175. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[30] N. Ju, On H 2 solutions and z -weak solutions of the 3D primitive equations. Mathematics 66 (2015) 973–996. | MR

[31] N. Ju, Uniqueness of some weak solutions for 2D viscous primitive equations. J. Math. Fluid Mech. 23 (2021) 1–29. | MR

[32] G.M. Kobelkov, Existence of a solution 'in the large’ for ocean dynamics equations. J. Math. Fluid Mech. 9 (2007) 588–610. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[33] G.M. Kobelkov, Existence of a solution in the large for the 3D large-scale ocean dynamics equations. C.R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 343 (2006) 283–286. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[34] I. Kukavica, Y. Pei, W. Rusin and M. Ziane, Primitive equations with continuous initial data. Nonlinearity 27 (2014) 1135–1155. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[35] I. Kukavica, R. Temam, V. Vicol and M. Ziane, Local existence and uniqueness for the hydrostatic Euler equations on a bounded domain. J. Differ. Equ. 250 (2011) 1719–1746. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[36] I. Kukavica and M. Ziane, On the regularity of the primitive equations of the ocean. Nonlinearity 20 (2007) 2739–2753. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[37] J. Li and E. Titi, Existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to viscous primitive equations for a certain class of discontinuous initial data. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 49 (2017) 1–28. | MR | DOI

[38] J. Li, E. Titi and G. Yuan, The primitive equations approximation of the anisotropic horizontally viscous 3D Navier-Stokes equations. J. Differ. Equ. 306 (2022) 492–524. | MR | DOI

[39] S. Liang, P. Zhang and R. Zhu. Determinstic and stochastic 2d Navier-Stokes equations with anisotropic viscosity. J. Differ. Equ. 275 (2021) 473–508. | MR | DOI

[40] J.L. Lions, R. Temam and S. Wang, Models for the coupled atmosphere and ocean. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 1 (1993) 3–3.

[41] J.L. Lions, R. Temam and S. Wang. New formulations of the primitive equations of atmosphere and applications. Nonlinearity 5 (1992) 237–288. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[42] J.L. Lions, R. Temam and S. Wang. On the equations of the large-scale ocean. Nonlinearity 5 (1992) 1007–1053. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[43] W. Liu and M. Röckner, Stochastic Partial Differential Equations: An Introduction[M]. Springer International Publishing (2015). | MR

[44] T.T. Medjo, On the uniqueness of z -weak solutions of the three dimensional primitive equations of the ocean. Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 11 (2010) 1413–1421. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[45] R. Mikulevicius and B. Rozovskii, On Equations of Stochastic Fluid Mechanics. Birkhauser Boston (2001). | MR | Zbl | DOI

[46] J. Pedlosky, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Springer-Verlag, New York (1987). | Zbl | DOI

[47] M. Petcu, On the backward uniqueness of the primitive equations. J. Math. Pures Appl. 87 (2007) 275–289. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[48] M. Petcu, R. Temam and D. Wirosoetisno, Existence and regularity results for the primitive equations in two space dimensions. Comm. Pure Appl. Anal. 3 (2004) 115–131. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[49] M. Petcu, R. Temam and M. Ziane, Some mathematical problems in geophysical fluid dynamics. Handbook of Numerical Analysis 14 (2009) 577–750. | MR | DOI

[50] M. Saal and J. Slavík, Stochastic primitive equations with horizontal viscosity and diffusivity. Preprint (2021). | arXiv | MR | Zbl

[51] C. Sun and H. Gao, Well-posedness for the stochastic 2D primitive equations with Lévy noise. Science China Math. 56 (2013) 1629–1645. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[52] T.K. Wong. Blowup of solutions of the hydrostatic Euler equations. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 143 (2015) 1119–1125. | MR | Zbl | DOI

Cité par Sources :

Supported partially by a China NSF Grant Nos. 12171084, 11701269, 11901342, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation No. 2019M652153, the fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities No. 2242022R10013 and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong under Grant No. ZR2018QA002.