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Cassaigne, Julien; Ferenczi, Sébastien; Zamboni, Luca Q.
Imbalances in Arnoux-Rauzy sequences. Annales de l'institut Fourier, 50 no. 4 (2000), p. 1265-1276
Full text djvu | pdf | Reviews MR 2001j:68097 | Zbl 01478822 | 5 citations in Numdam

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Abstract

In a 1982 paper Rauzy showed that the subshift $(X,T)$ generated by the morphism $1\mapsto 12$, $2\mapsto 13$ and $3\mapsto 1$ is a natural coding of a rotation on the two-dimensional torus ${\Bbb T}^2$, i.e., is measure-theoretically conjugate to an exchange of three fractal domains on a compact set in ${\Bbb R}^2,$ each domain being translated by the same vector modulo a lattice. It was believed more generally that each sequence of block complexity $2n+1$ satisfying a combinatorial criterion known as the $\star $ condition of Arnoux and Rauzy codes the orbit of a point under a rotation on ${\Bbb T}^2$. In this note we exhibit a counterexample to this conjecture. We first build an Arnoux-Rauzy sequence $\omega _* $ which is unbalanced in the following sense: for each $N>0$ there exist two factors of $\omega _* $ of equal length, with one having at least $N$ more occurrences of a given letter than the other. We then invoke a result due to Rauzy on bounded remainder sets to establish the existence of an Arnoux-Rauzy sequence which is not a natural coding of a rotation on ${\Bbb T}^2$.

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