Article de recherche - Théorie des nombres
On Erdős sums of almost primes
[Sur les sommes d’Erdős de presque premiers]
Comptes Rendus. Mathématique, Tome 362 (2024) no. G12, pp. 1571-1596

In 1935, Erdős proved that the sums f k = n 1/(nlogn), over integers n with exactly k prime factors, are bounded by an absolute constant, and in 1993 Zhang proved that f k is maximized by the prime sum f 1 = p 1/(plogp). According to a 2013 conjecture of Banks and Martin, the sums f k are predicted to decrease monotonically in k. In this article, we show that the sums restricted to odd integers are indeed monotonically decreasing in k, sufficiently large. By contrast, contrary to the conjecture we prove that the sums f k increase monotonically in k, sufficiently large.

Our main result gives an asymptotic for f k which identifies the (negative) secondary term, namely f k =1-(a+o(1))k 2 /2 k for an explicit constant a=0.0656. This is proven by a refined method combining real and complex analysis, whereas the classical results of Sathe and Selberg on products of k primes imply the weaker estimate f k =1+O ε (k ε-1/2 ). We also give an alternate, probability-theoretic argument related to the Dickman distribution. Here the proof reduces to showing a sequence of integrals converges exponentially quickly e -γ , which may be of independent interest.

En 1935, Erdős a prouvé que les sommes f k = n 1/(nlogn), portant sur les entiers n ayant exactement k facteurs premiers, sont majorées par une constante absolue, et en 1993, Zhang a prouvé que f k est maximisé par la somme sur les nombres premiers f 1 = p 1/(plogp). Selon une conjecture de Banks et Martin de 2013, les sommes f k devraient être décroissantes en fonction de k. Dans cet article, nous démontrons que les sommes restreintes aux entiers impairs sont bien décroissantes pour k suffisamment grand. En revanche, contrairement à la conjecture, nous prouvons que les sommes f k sont croissantes en fonction de k, suffisamment grand. Notre résultat principal donne une formule asymptotique pour f k qui identifie le terme secondaire (négatif), à savoir f k =1-(a+o(1))k 2 /2 k pour une constante explicite a=0,0656. Ceci est prouvé par une méthode raffinée combinant analyse réelle et complexe, alors que les résultats classiques de Sathe et Selberg sur les produits de k nombres premiers impliquent l’estimation plus faible f k =1+O ε (k ε-1/2 ). De plus, nous donnons un argument probabiliste alternatif, lié à la distribution de Dickman. Ici, la preuve se réduit à démontrer qu’une suite d’intégrales converge exponentiellement rapidement vers e -γ , ce qui peut présenter un intérêt indépendant.

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DOI : 10.5802/crmath.650
Classification : 11N25, 11Y60, 11A05, 60G18, 60H25
Keywords: Almost primes, primitive set, Dickman distribution, recursive distributional equation
Mots-clés : Nombres presque premiers, ensemble primitif, loi de Dickman, équation en loi récursive

Gorodetsky, Ofir  1 , 2   ; Lichtman, Jared Duker  3   ; Wong, Mo Dick  4

1 Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
2 Department of Mathematics, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
3 Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
4 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Licence : CC-BY 4.0
Droits d'auteur : Les auteurs conservent leurs droits
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     title = {On {Erd\H{o}s} sums of almost primes},
     journal = {Comptes Rendus. Math\'ematique},
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Gorodetsky, Ofir; Lichtman, Jared Duker; Wong, Mo Dick. On Erdős sums of almost primes. Comptes Rendus. Mathématique, Tome 362 (2024) no. G12, pp. 1571-1596. doi: 10.5802/crmath.650

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