Nonlinear thermodynamical formalism

Buzzi, Jérôme; Kloeckner, Benoît; Leplaideur, Renaud

Annales Henri Lebesgue, Tome 6 (2023), pp. 1429-1477

We define a nonlinear thermodynamical formalism which translates into dynamical system theory the statistical mechanics of generalized mean-field models, extending the investigation of the quadratic case in one or more potentials by Leplaideur and Watbled.

We prove a variational principle for the nonlinear pressure and we characterize the nonlinear equilibrium measures and relate them to specific classical equilibrium measures.

In this non-linear thermodynamical formalism, as for mean-field theories of statistical mechanics, several kind of phase transitions appear, some of which cannot happen in the linear case. Our techniques can deal with known cases (Curie–Weiss and Potts models) as well as with new examples (metastable phase transition).

Finally, we apply some of these ideas to the classical, linear setting proving that freezing phase transitions can occur over any zero-entropy invariant compact subset of the phase space.

Nous définissons un formalisme thermodynamique non-linéaire qui traduit en théorie des systèmes dynamiques la mécanique statistique de champ moyen. Ceci prolonge l’analyse du cas quadratique en une ou plusieurs variables due à Leplaideur et Watbled.

Nous établissons un principe variationnel pour la pression non-linéaire et nous caractérisons les mesures d’équilibre non-linéaires et les identifions à certaines mesures d’équilibre au sens classique.

Dans ce formalisme non-linéaire, comme dans les théories de champ moyen de la physique statistique, plusieurs sortes de transitions de phase apparaissent, alors qu’elles étaient exclues du cas linéaire. Nos techniques peuvent traiter les cas précédemment étudiés (modèles de Curie–Weiss et de Potts) ainsi que de nouveaux exemples (transitions de phase métastables).

Nous appliquons certaines de ces idées au cas linéaire, prouvant que des transitions de phase congelantes peuvent s’observer au-dessus de n’importe quel compact invariant d’entropie nulle dans l’espace des phases.

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