[Questions/réponses dans les périodiques britanniques des xviiie et xixe siècles : un genre éditorial à la croisée de deux pratiques mathématiques]
The persistence and wide-ranging popularity of the “questions and answers” genre in British journals during this period can be viewed as a convergence of two different mathematical practices: (1) the avocational, problem-solving tradition with roots in the dynamic almanac market of the eighteenth century. (2) the problem-solving tendencies and tastes of Cambridge graduates and the students of these graduates. These tendencies and tastes were encouraged through the conversion of the Cambridge Tripos to a paper-based examination at the turn of the 19th century and the subsequent diffusion of paper-based examinations throughout Britain during the second half of the 19th century. The convergence of these two practices resulted in the persistence of a particular method for mathematical communication and discovery that resisted the stratifying forces of social class, and later, professionalization. This paper will trace the “questions and answers” genre from its beginnings at the turn of the eighteenth century, to 1918, when the Mathematical Questions ... from the “Educational Times” ended.
Les questions / réponses constituent un genre éditorial mathématique trés populaire en Grande-Bretagne aux xviiie et xixe siècles. Ce genre peut être analysé comme réalisant la convergence de deux types de pratiques mathématiques distinctes : (1) une certaine forme d'amatorat mathématique basée sur la résolution de problèmes et qui participe du dynamisme du marché des almanachs au xviiie siècle (2) la tradition des problèmes courts posés aux étudiants lors de l'examen du Tripos à Cambridge. Cette tradition évolue profondément lorsque le Tripos passe d'un examen oral à un examen écrit. Durant la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, les problèmes posés au Tripos sont alors diffusés dans toute la Grande-Bretagne. De la convergence de ces deux pratiques a résulté une méthode spécifique de communication et de découverte mathématique. Cette méthode s'est maintenue sur le temps long malgré les dynamiques de stratification des classes sociales, et de professionnalisation des mathématiques.
Cet article analyse les évolutions du genre éditorial des «questions / réponses» de son apparition au tournant du xviiie siècle, jusqu'à la disparition, en 1916, des Mathematical Questions ... from the “Educational Times”.
DOI : 10.24033/rhm.178
Keywords: Journals, almanacs, Britain, examinations, eighteenth century, nineteenth century, problem solving, Cambridge, practices, questions and answers
Mots-clés : Revues, alamachs, Grande-Bretagne, examen, xviii e siècle, xix e siècle, Cambridge, pratiques, questions et réponses
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author = {Despeaux, Sloan Evans},
title = {Mathematical questions: a convergence of mathematical practices in {British} journals of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries},
journal = {Revue d'histoire des math\'ematiques},
pages = {5--71},
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Despeaux, Sloan Evans. Mathematical questions: a convergence of mathematical practices in British journals of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Revue d'histoire des mathématiques, Tome 20 (2014) no. 1, pp. 5-71. doi: 10.24033/rhm.178
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