Efficacy of retailer rebates and delayed incentives under customer heterogeneity
RAIRO. Operations Research, Tome 55 (2021) no. 3, pp. 1695-1713

In automobile and household appliances, the manufacturer’s decision to offer retailer rebates to retailers or delayed incentives directly to end customers is very important. Under game theoretic environment, we show that delayed incentive is an important tool not only for price discrimination but it also provides more flexibility to the manufacturer. We differentiate the impact of delayed incentives and retailer rebates. We draw implications for optimal rebate strategies for both retailer rebates and delayed incentives. We also discuss delayed incentives in the form coupons that give more control to the manufacturer, whereas retailer rebates require retailer’s participation. Analysis and numerical insights show that the manufacturer prefers better observance of retail price. We provide a decision rule to the manufacturer on how to select the rebate type based on customer heterogeneity.

DOI : 10.1051/ro/2021070
Classification : 91B24
Keywords: Marketing-operations interface, delayed incentives, pricing and rebate strategies, heterogeneous customers and Stackelberg game
@article{RO_2021__55_3_1695_0,
     author = {Muzaffar, Asif and Nasir Malik, Muhammad and Deng, Shiming},
     title = {Efficacy of retailer rebates and delayed incentives under customer heterogeneity},
     journal = {RAIRO. Operations Research},
     pages = {1695--1713},
     year = {2021},
     publisher = {EDP-Sciences},
     volume = {55},
     number = {3},
     doi = {10.1051/ro/2021070},
     mrnumber = {4273677},
     zbl = {1470.91119},
     language = {en},
     url = {https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ro/2021070/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muzaffar, Asif
AU  - Nasir Malik, Muhammad
AU  - Deng, Shiming
TI  - Efficacy of retailer rebates and delayed incentives under customer heterogeneity
JO  - RAIRO. Operations Research
PY  - 2021
SP  - 1695
EP  - 1713
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
PB  - EDP-Sciences
UR  - https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ro/2021070/
DO  - 10.1051/ro/2021070
LA  - en
ID  - RO_2021__55_3_1695_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A Muzaffar, Asif
%A Nasir Malik, Muhammad
%A Deng, Shiming
%T Efficacy of retailer rebates and delayed incentives under customer heterogeneity
%J RAIRO. Operations Research
%D 2021
%P 1695-1713
%V 55
%N 3
%I EDP-Sciences
%U https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ro/2021070/
%R 10.1051/ro/2021070
%G en
%F RO_2021__55_3_1695_0
Muzaffar, Asif; Nasir Malik, Muhammad; Deng, Shiming. Efficacy of retailer rebates and delayed incentives under customer heterogeneity. RAIRO. Operations Research, Tome 55 (2021) no. 3, pp. 1695-1713. doi: 10.1051/ro/2021070

[1] F. J. Arcelus , S. Kumar and G. Srimivasan , Retailer’s response to alternate manufacturer’s incentives under a single-period, price dependent, stochastic-demand framework. Decis. Sci. 36 (2005) 599–626. | DOI

[2] F. J. Arcelus , S. Kumar and G. Srimivasan , Pricing, rebate, advertising and ordering policies of a retailer facing price-dependent stochastic demand in newsvendor framework under different risk preferences. Int. Trans. Oper. Res. 13 (2006) 209–227. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[3] R. W. Ault , T. T. Beard , N. D. Laband and R. P. Saba , Rebates, inventories, and intertemporal price discrimination. Econ. Inquiry 38 (2000) 570–578. | DOI

[4] G. Aydin and E. L. Porteus , Manufacturer-to-retailer versus manufacturer-to-consumer rebates in a supply chain, edited by N. Agrawal and S. Smith . In: Retail Supply Chain Management. Springer, New York (2009) 237–270.

[5] S. Biller , L. M. Chan , D. S. Levi and J. Swan , Dynamic pricing and the direct-to-customer model in the automotice industry. Electron. Commer. Res. 5 (2005) 309–334. | Zbl | DOI

[6] R. C. Blattberg and S. A. Neslin , Sales Promotion: Concepts, Methods, and Strategies. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1990).

[7] R. C. Blattberg and K. J. Wisniewski , Price-induced patterns of competition. Mark. Sci. 8 (1989) 291–309. | DOI

[8] R. C. Blattberg , G. Eppen and J. Lieberman , A theoretical and empirical evaluation of price deals for consumer nondurables. J. Mark. 45 (1981) 116–129. | DOI

[9] N. Bruce , P. Desai and R. Staelin , The better they are, the more they give: trade promotions of consumer durables. J. Mark. Res. 42 (2005) 54–66. | DOI

[10] N. Bruce , P. Desai and R. Staelin , Enabling the willing: consumer rebates for durable good. Mark. Sci. 25 (2006) 350–366. | DOI

[11] M. Busse , P. Desai and R. Staelin , $1000 Cash back: the pass through of auto manufacturer promotions. Am. Econ. Rev. 96 (2006) 1253–1270. | DOI

[12] R. D. Buzzell , J. A. Quelch and W. J. Salmon , The costly bargain of trade promotion. Harv. Bus. Rev. 68 (1990) 141–149.

[13] G. P. Cachon , Supply chain coordination with contracts, edited by A. G. Dekok and S. C. Graves . In: Vol. 11 of Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science. Supply Chain Management, Design, Coordination and Operation. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2003) 229–340.

[14] Y. Chen , S. Moorthy and Z. J. Zhang , Price discrimination after the purchase? A note on rebates as state-dependent discounts. Manage. Sci. 51 (2005) 1131–1140. | DOI

[15] X. Chen , C.-L. Li , B. D. Rhee and D. Simchi-Levi , The impact of manufacturer rebates on supply chain profits. Naval Res. Logist. 54 (2007) 667–680. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[16] S. Cho , K. F. Mccardle and C. S. Tang , Optimal pricing and rebate strategies in a two-level supply chain. Prod. Oper. Manage. 18 (2009) 424–446.

[17] C. J. Corbett and U. S. Karmarkar , Competition and structure in serial supply chains with deterministic demand. Manage. Sci. 47 (2001) 966–978. | Zbl | DOI

[18] R. J. Dalton Jr , Many consumers never cash in rebates. Newsday (January 2005).

[19] O. Demirag , O. Baysar , P. Keskinocak and J. Swann , The effects of customer rebates and retailer incentives on a manufacturer’s profits and sales. Naval Res. Logist. 57 (2010) 88–108. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[20] E. Gerstner and J. D. Hess , A theory of channel price promotions. Am. Econ. Rev. 81 (1991) 872–886.

[21] E. Gerstner and J. D. Hess , Pull promotions and channel coordination. Mark. Sci. 14 (1995) 43–60. | DOI

[22] B. Grow , The great rebate tunaround. Business Week (November 23, 2005).

[23] M. H. Guiomar , S. P. Sigué and G. Zaccour , The dilemma of pull and push-price promotions. J. Retail. 86 (2010) 51–68. | DOI

[24] A. P. Jeuland and S. M. Shugan , Managing channel profits. Mark. Sci. 2 (1983) 239–272. | DOI

[25] M. Jolson , J. Weiner and R. Rosecky , Correlates of rebate proneness. J. Advert. Res. 27 (1987) 33–43.

[26] M. Khouja , S. Robbins and H. K. Rajagopalan , Optimal pricing and delayed incentives in heterogeneous consumer market. J. Revenue Pricing Manage. 7 (2008) 85–105. | DOI

[27] M. Khouja , C. Subramaniam and V. Vasudev , A comparative analysis of marketing promotions and implications for data analytics. Int. J. Res. Mark. 37 (2020) 151–174. | DOI

[28] R. Lal , Manufacturer trade deals and retail price promotions. J. Mark. 27 (1990) 428–444. | DOI

[29] W. Mouland , Rebates rule. Mark. Mag. 109 (2004) 1196–4650.

[30] C. Narasimhan , Competitive promotional strategies. J. Bus. 61 (1988) 427–449. | DOI

[31] S. A. Neslin , Sales Promotion. Marketing Science Institute (MSI), Cambridge, MA (2002).

[32] S. Saha , Supply chain coordination through rebate induced contracts. Transp. Res. Part E: Logist. Transp. Rev. 50 (2013) 120–137. | DOI

[33] T. G. Silk , Why do We Buy but Fail to Redeem? Department of Marketing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (2005).

[34] D. Soman , The illusion of delayed incentives: evaluating future effort-money transactions. J. Mark. Res. 35 (1998) 427–437.

[35] S. Srinivasan , K. Pauwels , D. M. Hanssens and M. Dekimpe , Do promotions benefit manufacturer, retailers or both? Manage. Sci. 50 (2004) 617–629. | DOI

[36] T. A. Taylor , Supply chain coordination under channel rebates with sales effort effects. Manage. Sci. 48 (2002) 992–1007. | Zbl | DOI

[37] L. H. Teunter , Analysis of sales promotion effects on household purchasing behavior, ERIM Ph.D. research series in management. Erasmus University, Rotterdam (2002).

[38] Y. C. Tsao , H. L. Fan , L. W. Liao , T. L. Vu and P. L. Lee , Two-level promotion and ordering policy in a supply chain. RAIRO: OR 55 (2021) S119–S145. | MR | Zbl | DOI

[39] H. R. Varian , A model of sales. Am. Econ. Rev. 70 (1980) 651–660.

Cité par Sources :